Research at Penn produces hundreds of new technologies and inventions annually. One path for PCI to successfully facilitate the commercialization of these technologies is to enter into license agreements whereby Penn grants a company the right use a Penn technology for commercial purposes. PCI has a wide variety of licensing structures and engages with both existing companies and start-ups.
Additionally, PCI has a dedicated team of business development professionals (“Licensing Managers”) that make up the PCI Licensing Groups. Licensing Managers work directly with Penn inventors and industry partners to actively license Penn technologies and assist with other types of contractual commercial relationships.
PCI staff use many complementary resources and strategies to identify potential licensees and to market inventions in collaboration with Penn inventors. Often the existing relationships of the inventors, PCI staff, and other researchers are useful in marketing an invention. Market research can also assist in identifying prospective licensees/marketing targets.
To publicize inventions, PCI leverages conferences and industry events, actively presents available technologies and business opportunities on our website and in our various newsletters and publications, and makes regular direct contact with industry. Faculty publications and presentations are often excellent marketing tools as well.
For Partners
PCI offers a number of different licensing arrangements to accommodate the diverse portfolio of technologies stemming from Penn research activities. There are many important provisions in a license agreement, of particular interest are the following:
1. License Initiation Fee
Typically license agreements contain some upfront consideration. This could be in the form of a cash payment and/or an equity position in a company. Factors taken into consideration when establishing a license initiation fee include the technology’s stage of development, the market opportunity it presents to the licensee, the amount of resources required to bring a product to market and the licensee’s current corporate and funding status.
2. Patent Expenses
Licensees are expected to reimburse Penn for past patent expenses and to be responsible for ongoing patent expenses when licensing a technology involving patent rights, particularly when the licensee is seeking an exclusive grant of rights.
3. Retained Rights
In all license agreements, Penn retains the right to conduct research, educational and clinical activities, and the ability to permit other non-commercial entities to do the same. These activities are core to Penn’s mission and foster the development of new scientific findings and inventions.
4. Diligence Events
Penn includes diligence events in license agreements as a mechanism to ensure a licensee is actively developing the technology that it has licensed for the benefit of the public. Penn and the licensee will formulate diligence events aligned with the licensee’s development plan for the technology. Should a licensee stop developing a technology, Penn will then have the opportunity to identify another commercialization partner.
5. Milestone Payments
Milestone payments are payments made to Penn under a license as a technology is de-risked and achieves certain developmental and/or commercial milestones. Generally, technologies being licensed from a university are early-stage and therefore the value can be uncertain at the time of licensing. Milestone payments are a mechanism to share in the success of a technology and are typically scheduled around various valuation inflection points for the technology or licensee.
6. Royalties
Royalties are paid to Penn when products utilizing the licensed technology are sold. Depending on market standards, royalties are typically either paid as a percentage of sales or as a fee per unit sold.
Available Technologies
Find Penn owned tech available for licensing:
Nanotechnology | Antibody | Optics & Photonics | Medical Devices | COVID-19 | Immunology | Oncology | Materials | Bioengineering | Neurodegenerative Diseases
View all technologiesFeatured Technology
Efficient, scalable and CMOS-compatible nonlinear photonic device based on AlScN
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For Inventors
Most inventors enjoy knowing their inventions are being developed for the benefit of the general public. New and enhanced relationships with businesses are another outcome that can augment one’s teaching, research, and consulting activities. In some cases, additional sponsored research funding and support may result from the licensee.
Licensing FAQs
Questions about licensing technologies regularly arise; regardless of whether an inventor is new to the process of licensing or if they have had a technology successfully licensed in the past. Below, you will find a list of the most frequently asked questions we receive from Penn inventors. If none of the following topics addresses a question you have, then please contact your Licensing Manager
What types of technologies can be licensed?
What can I expect as a result of my technology being licensed?
Can know-how be licensed?
How is a company chosen to be a licensee?
How are most licensees found?
How long does it take to find a potential licensee?
What does a licensee do after licensing a technology?
What is the relationship between an inventor and a licensee, and how much of my time will it require?
Can there be more than one licensee for a single technology?
How is the decision made as to whether to commercialize software with a traditional or an “open source” license?
What revenues are generated in a license agreement?
What happens to an invention if the startup company or licensee is unsuccessful in commercializing the technology? Can the invention be licensed to another entity?
Licensing Contacts
Perelman School of Medicine Licensing

Kultaran Chohan, PhD
Executive Director

Lina Axanova, PhD
Senior Associate Director of Licensing

Joyce Kamande, PhD
Assistant Director

Sangeeta Bafna, PhD
Associate Director

Inyoung Lee, PhD
Licensing Officer

Jessica Casciano, PhD
Assistant Director

Shilpa Bhansali, PhD
Associate Director
