Several new research studies reported in the New York Times have demonstrated that multiple doses of a COVID vaccine elicit a durable response in most people that protects them from serious illness and death from COVID for many months and possibly even years. John Wherry, Director of the Institute for Immunology at Penn Medicine, who leads key research at Penn in this area, is quoted in this New York Times article describing how effectively mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2.